Nepal: Geology and Geography

Granites are distributed in three parallel belts in Nepal Himalaya 1.      Paleozoic Granites ·        They are  Cambro-Ordovician age. ·        They are found in thrust sheets of Lesser Himalaya, Kathmandu Nappe and Dadeldhura Nappe. ·        The granites are made up of biotite-rich and tourmaline-rich varieties . ·        They are closely associated with the adjacent gneisses, which display a similar mineral composition. ·        Several concordant, tabular granite bodies, up to 200 m thick, are intruded. ·        Some well-known bodies are Palung Granite, Agra Granite, Dadeldhura Granite   2.      Higher Himalaya Leucogranites ·        They are of Tertiary age and occur as several plutons, very many dikes, and veins. ·        Early to Middle Miocene  Leucogranites ·        These igneous rocks are mainly concentrated towards the top part of the migmatitic gneisses in the Tibetan slab ·        Tourmaline is so frequent in the granite that they are sometimes called the tourmaline grani

  A south to north profile across the Himalaya shows the following physiographic division: . • Terai • Siwalik Range  with dun valleys • Mahabharat Range • Midlands • Fore Himalaya • Great Himalaya • Inner Himalayan valleys • Tibetan marginal ranges.   Terai The Terai is the plain land on the southernmost part. It consists of young river sediments (Pleistocene to Holocene sediments). It is also considered as the part of the  Ganga foreland basin.. The aerial width of the Terai  varies from about 30 km in west Nepal to about 40 km in central Nepal, and from 25 to 50 km in east Nepal.  The Terai slopes towards the southern Indian side and the elevation   difference between the Siwalik foothills and the Indian border ranges from 100 to 200 m.  Within the Nepal territory, there are three separate zones of alluvium observed south of the Siwalik hills based on which the Terai is subdivided into the three zones from north to south. Upper Terai or Bhabar Zone : The Bh

Google Maps and Google Earth are very common platforms today to explore maps and satellite images of the earth. But there are many other ways to explore the earth. Some are listed here.  1.   Earth Explorer This map is developed by USGS helpful to obtain earth imagery across available geo-spatial data types. Users can navigate via interactive map or text search to obtain Landsat satellite imagery, Radar data, UAS data, digital line graphs, digital elevation model data, aerial photos, Sentinel satellite data, some commercial satellite imagery including IKONOS and OrbView3, land cover data, digital map data from the National Map, and many other datasets. Users can search by exact location via the interactive map or input specific coordinates to view what data types are available. 2.   Sentinel Hub This platform developed by  Sinergise has Sentinel, Landsat, and other Earth observation imagery easily accessible for browsing, visualization and analysis. It can automatically archi

Geographic Coordinate System (GCS) Most of the spatial data and maps of Nepal are based on two System.  1. Everest 1830  is mostly used in topographic maps and maps produced by governmental agencies like Department of Survey.  2. WGS84  is used in most of the images and maps available over the internet are referenced in this system. Projected Coordinate System (PCS) For Projection,    the projection system used is Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) which may be based on either WGS84 or Everest 1830 . Nepal lies in UTM zone between 44 and 45.  The 44 zone covers western half of Nepal and 45 covers the eastern half. This projection is based on  WGS84 Due to greater expansion in east-west direction of Nepal, Survey Department of Nepal uses Modified UTM (MUTM) for increasing accuracy in cadastral survey. Based on  Everest 1830 the two  zones are modified into three zones differentiated by longitude of the coordinate as 81, 84, and 87    covering west, central and eastern Nepal respecti

आ.व.२०८१/०८२ को लागि काठमाडौं जिल्लाको  ज्यालादर तथा निर्माण सामाग्रीहरुको   स्वीकृत जिल्ला दररेट, जिल्ला दर रेट निर्धारण समिति ( जिल्ला प्रशासन कार्यालय, काठमाडौँ )   Kathmandu   District Rate 2081/82  ( काठमाडौँ जिल्ला दर रेट   २०८१।८२ )   Download        Kathmandu  Jilla Dar rate 2081-82   Kathmandu  Jilla dar rate 2081-2082  अन्य सम्पुर्ण जिल्लाहरुको  जिल्ला दर रेट २०८१/८२ District Rates of All District 2081/82 (जिल्ला दर रेट २०८१/८२)

  Photogeological Map of Central Nepal (1:100000) was published in 1982. It was mapped by J. Stocklin and K.D Bhattarai.  The map represents part of the Lesser Himalaya of Central Nepal to th ewest of the Kathmandu Valley and to the south of the Manaslu-Ganesh Himal sector of the High Range.