Seismic Survey
Suitable for mapping of layered sedimentary sequences
Widely used in search of oil and gas.
Small scale mapping of near surface sedimentary layers, location of water table,
Site investigation of foundation conditions (including depth of bedrock). In engineering site investigation, Vp and Vs measurement for near surface layers allows direct calculation of Poisson's ratio and estimation of elastic moduli, which provides valuable information on in situ geotechnical properties.
Offshore geological surveys
Seismic reflection in Hydrocarbons exploration
- Initial surveys along widely spaced profile lines covering large areas for regional geology and enable plan of detail follow up survey.
- Detail reflection survey in areas of interest/prospective targets found from initial stage.It involves closely spaced profile lines and high density of profile intersection to define useful structures. Initial interpretation involves structural mapping to identify structural closures and the identified closures need a second round of detail survey to select location of exploration borehole. 3D survey may be used if unsoed by 2D data.
- Exploration boreholes are sited on seismic lines sp borehole logs can be correlated directly with local seismic stations.
- Refinement of seismic data from additional seismic profiles. Seismic modelling can be used to obtain detailed information on geometry of reservoir and internal lithological variation that may affect HC yield. 4D surveys can detect unexploited arrears in a producing field.
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