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Mineral Resources of Nepal
•
Mineral deposits in Nepal Himalaya are
controlled by particular geological conditions and tectonics.
•
Till the date, economic potential of 63 mineral
commodities from Nepal have been established (DMG 2004,2011)
•
The geological processes that are responsible
for concentration of these diffused elements/ scattered minerals into economic
deposits are magmatic concentration, sublimation, contact metasomatism,
hydrothermal processes, sedimentation, evaporation, residual and mechanical
concentration, surficial oxidation and supergene enrichment and metamorphism.
•
Some metallogenic provinces have been recognized
within Nepal as uranium, copper-lead-zinc, tin-tungsten molybdenum,
nickel-cobalt, goldiron- copper sulphides, magnesite-talc, limestone-dolomite,
precious-semiprecious stones, gypsum-salt, petroleum-natural gas etc (ESCAP,
1993). These provinces appear to coincide more or less with the geological/
litho tectonic zone of the Nepal Himalaya.
•
However, because of rugged topography, difficult
mountain terrain, complex geology, lack of infrastructures and financial
constrain exploration and exploitation of these mineral resources in Nepal is
still challenging.
The prospect of Mineral resource in Nepal is mainly
controlled by Geology of Nepal. Based on the tectonic divisions of Nepal, the
potential for mineral resources is as follows:
· Terai
Plain (Indo Gangetic plain) area is potential for gravel, sand,
ground water, and underlying petroleum and natural gas bearing Siwalik and
Pre-Siwalik rocks.
· The
Sub Himalaya (Siwalik/ Churia Range including Dune Valleys) is
the potential area for construction materials, radioactive minerals, petroleum,
natural gas and minor amount of low grade coal.
· The
Lesser Himalaya (Mahabharat Range including Midland/ Valleys)
is promising for metallic minerals mainly iron, copper, lead, zinc,
cobalt, nickel, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, gold, uranium rare metals, industrial
minerals like magnesite, limestone, dolomite, talc, phosphorite, bauxite,
clay, kaolin, graphite, mica, quartz, silica sand and gemstones; fuel
minerals such as coal, methane gas, petroleum and natural gas; geothermal hot
springs; radioactive minerals; and construction materials; crushed
gravel as well as river boulders, gravel and sand etc.
· The
Higher Himalaya is promising for precious and
semiprecious stones, marble and metallic minerals like lead, zinc, uranium,
gold, silver etc.
· The
Tibetan Tethys Zone is prospective for limestone, gypsum,
salt (brine water), radioactive minerals and natural gas.
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