According to Yin 2006, the Himalaya has been politically, geographically, structurally, and stratigraphically defined.
Geographically, the Himalayan range lies between its eastern and western syntaxis as represented by the Namche Barwa and Nanga Parbat peaks.
The Himalayan orogen is defined by the Indus– Tsangpo suture in the north, the left-slip Chaman fault in the west, the right-slip Sagaing fault in the east, and the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) in the south.
The Himalayan tectonic system is a broader concept than the Himalayan orogen. It consists of the Himalayan orogen, the active Himalayan foreland basin (=Indo-Gangetic depression), and the Indus and Bengal Fans. All of these features were produced by the Indo-Asian collision.
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